On this day: November 9

Events on November 9

• 1520 More than 50 people are sentenced and executed in the Stockholm Bloodbath. Wikipedia
• 1620 The Bohemian King Frederick I flees Prague to Vratislav one day after the defeat of his troops in the Battle of White Mountain. Wikipedia
• 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Coup of 18 Brumaire ending the Directory government, and becoming First Consul of the successor Consulate Government. Wikipedia
• 1822 USS Alligator engaged three pirate schooners off the coast of Cuba in one of the West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States. Wikipedia
• 1867 The Tokugawa shogunate hands back power to the Emperor of Japan, starting the Meiji Restoration. Wikipedia
• 1888 Mary Jane Kelly, widely believed to be the fifth and final victim of the notorious unidentified serial killer Jack the Ripper, was murdered in London. Wikipedia
• 1913 A severe blizzard reached its maximum intensity in the Great Lakes Basin of North America, destroying 19 ships and 68,300 tons of cargo, and killing more than 250 people. Wikipedia
• 1914 World War I: Off the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, the Australian light cruiser Sydney sank Emden, the last active German warship in the Indian Ocean, at the Battle of Cocos. Wikipedia
• 1917 The Balfour Declaration is published in The Times newspaper. Wikipedia
• 1918 The government of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic adopted a tricolour national flag, which is again in use today, with slight modifications, by the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan. Wikipedia
• 1923 In Munich, police and government troops crush the Nazi Beer Hall Putsch. Wikipedia
• 1928 The Great Mecca Feast, the first documentary film on the Hajj, premiered in the Netherlands. Wikipedia
• 1938 Kristallnacht began as SA stormtroopers and civilians destroyed and ransacked Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues in Germany and Austria, resulting in at least 90 deaths and the deportation of 30,000 men to concentration camps. Wikipedia
• 1939 World War II: A covert Sicherheitsdienst operation captured two British agents of the Secret Intelligence Service near Venlo in the Netherlands. Wikipedia
• 1943 An agreement for the founding of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration is signed by 44 countries in the White House, Washington, D.C. Wikipedia
• 1967 The first issue of Rolling Stone, an American magazine focusing on music, politics and popular culture, was published. Wikipedia
• 1985 At age 22, Garry Kasparov became the then-youngest World Chess Champion by defeating then-champion Anatoly Karpov. Wikipedia
• 1989 East German official Günter Schabowski mistakenly announced the immediate opening of the inner German border, resulting in the fall of the Berlin Wall that night. Wikipedia
• 1993 Bosnian War: Croatian Defence Council forces destroyed the Stari Most, a 16th-century bridge crossing the river Neretva in the city of Mostar. Wikipedia
• 1994 The chemical element darmstadtium is discovered. Wikipedia
• 2004 Firefox 1.0 is released. Wikipedia
• 2005 The Venus Express mission of the European Space Agency is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Wikipedia
• 2016 A tram derailment in Croydon, London, killed seven people. Wikipedia
• 2019 Pakistani prime minister Imran Khan inaugurated the Kartarpur Corridor, a visa-free border crossing connecting the Gurdwara Darbar Sahib to the India–Pakistan border. Wikipedia
• 2019 The Alabama Crimson Tide and LSU Tigers football teams, both with undefeated records thus far that season, played in a "Game of the Century". Wikipedia
• 2020 Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: An armistice agreement is signed by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia. Wikipedia

Born on November 9

• 1683 George II of Great Britain (died 1760) Wikipedia
• 1818 Ivan Turgenev, Russian author and playwright (died 1883) Wikipedia
• 1841 Edward VII of the United Kingdom (died 1910) Wikipedia
• 1869 Marie Dressler, Canadian-American actress and singer (died 1934) Wikipedia
• 1877 Muhammad Iqbal, Pakistani philosopher, poet, and politician (died 1938) Wikipedia
• 1877 Enrico De Nicola, Italian journalist, lawyer, and politician, 1st President of the Italian Republic (died 1959) Wikipedia
• 1885 Hermann Weyl, German mathematician, physicist, and philosopher (died 1955) Wikipedia
• 1885 Velimir Khlebnikov, Russian poet and playwright (died 1922) Wikipedia
• 1888 Jean Monnet, French economist and diplomat (died 1979) Wikipedia
• 1897 Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1978) Wikipedia
• 1914 Hedy Lamarr, Austrian-American actress and inventor (died 2000) Wikipedia
• 1918 Spiro Agnew, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 39th Vice President of the United States (died 1996) Wikipedia
• 1922 Imre Lakatos, Hungarian mathematician, philosopher, and academic (died 1974) Wikipedia
• 1928 Anne Sexton, American poet and academic (died 1974) Wikipedia
• 1929 Imre Kertész, Hungarian author, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2016) Wikipedia
• 1934 Carl Sagan, American astronomer, astrophysicist, and cosmologist (died 1996) Wikipedia
• 1936 Mikhail Tal, Latvian-Russian chess player and author (died 1992) Wikipedia
• 1948 Luiz Felipe Scolari, Brazilian footballer and manager Wikipedia
• 1960 Andreas Brehme, German footballer and manager (died 2024) Wikipedia
• 1970 Chris Jericho, American-Canadian wrestler Wikipedia
• 1972 Eric Dane, American actor (died 2026) Wikipedia
• 1974 Alessandro Del Piero, Italian footballer Wikipedia

Died on November 9

• 959 Constantine VII, Byzantine emperor (born 905) Wikipedia
• 1492 Jami, Persian poet (born 1414) Wikipedia
• 1918 Guillaume Apollinaire, Italian-French author, poet, and playwright (born 1880) Wikipedia
• 1937 Ramsay MacDonald, Scottish journalist and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1866) Wikipedia
• 1940 Neville Chamberlain, English businessman and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1869) Wikipedia
• 1952 Chaim Weizmann, Belarusian-Israeli chemist, academic, and politician, 1st President of Israel (born 1874) Wikipedia
• 1953 Ibn Saud, Saudi Arabian king (born 1880) Wikipedia
• 1953 Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author (born 1914) Wikipedia
• 1970 Charles de Gaulle, French general and politician, 18th President of France (born 1890) Wikipedia
• 1991 Yves Montand, Italian-French actor (born 1921) Wikipedia
• 2001 Giovanni Leone, Italian lawyer and politician, 6th President of Italy (born 1908) Wikipedia
• 2004 Stieg Larsson, Swedish journalist and author (born 1954) Wikipedia
• 2005 K. R. Narayanan, Indian journalist and politician, 10th President of India (born 1921) Wikipedia
• 2008 Miriam Makeba, South African singer and activist (born 1932) Wikipedia

Holidays and observances

• Birthday of Muhammad Iqbal (Pakistan) Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Benignus of Armagh Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Dedication of the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran, Cathedral of the Pope (memorial feast day) Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Margery Kempe (Church of England) Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Martin Chemnitz (Lutheran) Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Nectarios of Aegina Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Theodore of Amasea (Roman Catholic Church) Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Virgin of Almudena (Madrid) Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Vitonus Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: November 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Wikipedia
• Day of the Skulls or Dia de los ñatitas (Bolivia) Wikipedia
• Flag Day (Azerbaijan) Wikipedia
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Cambodia from France in 1953. Wikipedia
• Inventors' Day (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) Wikipedia
• Uttarakhand Day (Uttarakhand, India) Wikipedia
• World Freedom Day (United States) Wikipedia

Sources

• Wikipedia — “November 9” — events, births, deaths and observances (text under CC BY-SA 4.0) (checked 2026-10-15)
• Wikipedia — “Selected anniversaries/November 9” — the anniversaries editors chose for the date and the article each one is about (checked 2026-10-15)
• Wikidata — in how many language editions each entry's own article exists, used to fill the lists (CC0) (checked 2026-10-15)
• vacanza/holidays (open-source holiday rules, MIT licence) — holiday rules used to build the lists (checked 2026-10-15)

The events, births, deaths and observances above are from the English Wikipedia article “November 9” and the articles it links to (authors and history), retrieved 2026-10-15 through the Wikimedia “On this day” feed. They are licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0; this selection is shared under the same licence. Every anniversary that Wikipedia's editors selected for November 9 stays on the list; the remaining places, up to 26 events, 22 births and 14 deaths, go to the entries whose own article — about the event itself, or else the person or thing it is about — appears in the most language editions (counted from Wikidata); an article about a person or thing, which covers far more than one day, counts half. An entry with no article of its own counts, also at half, by the least covered article it links, and one that links only places counts for nothing. Each list runs by year, and the wording is unchanged apart from removing references to pictures, audio and video.