On this day: January 9

Events on January 9

• 400 Aelia Eudoxia is officially crowned empress of the Eastern Roman Empire. Wikipedia
• 1693 Sicily earthquake: The first of two earthquakes destroys parts of Sicily and Malta. After the second quake on 11 January, the death toll is estimated at between 60,000 and 100,000 people. Wikipedia
• 1787 The nationally known image of the Black Nazarene in the Philippines is transferred from what is now Rizal Park to its present shrine in the minor basilica of Quiapo Church. This is annually commemorated through its Traslación (solemn transfer) in the streets of Manila and is attended by millions of devotees. Wikipedia
• 1788 Connecticut becomes the fifth state to ratify the United States Constitution. Wikipedia
• 1792 Treaty of Jassy between Russian and Ottoman Empire is signed, ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–92. Wikipedia
• 1822 The Portuguese prince Pedro I of Brazil decides to stay in Brazil against the orders of the Portuguese King João VI, beginning the Brazilian independence process. Wikipedia
• 1839 The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process. Wikipedia
• 1861 Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War. Wikipedia
• 1916 World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli concludes with an Ottoman Empire victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the peninsula. Wikipedia
• 1917 World War I: The Battle of Rafa is fought near the Egyptian border with Palestine. Wikipedia
• 1917 First World War: Troops of the British Empire defeated Ottoman forces at the Battle of Rafa on the Sinai–Palestine border. Wikipedia
• 1917 World War I: A meeting of the German Crown Council decided upon the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare. Wikipedia
• 1927 A fire at the Laurier Palace movie theatre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, kills 78 children. Wikipedia
• 1941 World War II: First flight of the Avro Lancaster. Wikipedia
• 1960 President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser opens construction on the Aswan Dam by detonating ten tons of dynamite to demolish twenty tons of granite on the east bank of the Nile. Wikipedia
• 1961 British authorities announce they have uncovered the Soviet Portland spy ring in London. Wikipedia
• 1962 Apollo program: NASA announces plans to build the C-5 rocket launch vehicle, then known as the "Advanced Saturn", to carry human beings to the Moon. Wikipedia
• 1964 Martyrs' Day: Several Panamanian youths try to raise the Panamanian flag in the U.S.-controlled Panama Canal Zone, leading to fighting between U.S. military and Panamanian civilians. Wikipedia
• 1991 Representatives from the United States and Iraq meet at the Geneva Peace Conference to try to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Wikipedia
• 1992 The Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaims the creation of Republika Srpska, a new state within Yugoslavia. Wikipedia
• 2004 An inflatable boat carrying illegal Albanian emigrants stalls near the Karaburun Peninsula en route to Brindisi, Italy; exposure to the elements kills 28. This is the second deadliest marine disaster in Albanian history. Wikipedia
• 2007 Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduces the original iPhone at a Macworld keynote in San Francisco. Wikipedia
• 2015 The perpetrators of the Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris two days earlier are both killed after a hostage situation; a second hostage situation, related to the Charlie Hebdo shooting, occurs at a Jewish market in Vincennes. Wikipedia
• 2015 A mass poisoning at a funeral in Mozambique involving beer that was contaminated with Burkholderia gladioli leaves 75 dead and over 230 people ill. Wikipedia
• 2017 Mont-Libre Agile Learning Centre, the province of Quebec's first alternative schooling democratic learning centre to support homeschooled youth, opens in the city of Montreal. Wikipedia
• 2021 Sriwijaya Air Flight 182 crashes north of Jakarta, Indonesia, killing all 62 people on board. Wikipedia

Born on January 9

• 1304 Hōjō Takatoki, Japanese shikken of the Kamakura bakufu (died 1333)[unreliable source?] Wikipedia
• 1554 Pope Gregory XV (died 1623) Wikipedia
• 1854 Jennie Jerome, American-born wife of Lord Randolph Churchill, mother of Sir Winston Churchill (died 1921) Wikipedia
• 1870 Joseph Strauss, American engineer, co-designed the Golden Gate Bridge (died 1938) Wikipedia
• 1879 John B. Watson, American psychologist and academic (died 1958) Wikipedia
• 1890 Karel Čapek, Czech author and playwright (died 1938) Wikipedia
• 1902 Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish priest and saint, founded Opus Dei (died 1975) Wikipedia
• 1908 Simone de Beauvoir, French philosopher and author (died 1986) Wikipedia
• 1913 Richard Nixon, American commander, lawyer, and politician, 37th President of the United States (died 1994) Wikipedia
• 1920 Clive Dunn, English actor (died 2012) Wikipedia
• 1922 Har Gobind Khorana, Indian-American biochemist and academic, Nobel laureate (died 2011) Wikipedia
• 1922 Ahmed Sékou Touré, Guinean politician, 1st President of Guinea (died 1984) Wikipedia
• 1928 Domenico Modugno, Italian singer-songwriter, actor, and politician (died 1994) Wikipedia
• 1941 Joan Baez, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and activist Wikipedia
• 1944 Jimmy Page, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer Wikipedia
• 1955 J. K. Simmons, American actor Wikipedia
• 1959 Rigoberta Menchú, Guatemalan activist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate Wikipedia
• 1970 Lara Fabian, Belgian-Italian singer-songwriter and actress Wikipedia
• 1978 Gennaro Gattuso, Italian footballer and manager Wikipedia
• 1982 Catherine, Princess of Wales Wikipedia
• 1989 Nina Dobrev, Bulgarian-Canadian actress Wikipedia
• 2006 Sarah Toscano, Italian singer-songwriter and actress Wikipedia

Died on January 9

• 1514 Anne of Brittany, queen of Charles VIII of France and Louis XII (born 1477) Wikipedia
• 1799 Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician and philosopher (born 1718) Wikipedia
• 1848 Caroline Herschel, German-English astronomer (born 1750) Wikipedia
• 1873 Napoleon III, French politician, 1st President of France (born 1808) Wikipedia
• 1878 Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (born 1820) Wikipedia
• 1908 Wilhelm Busch, German poet, illustrator, and painter (born 1832) Wikipedia
• 1923 Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand novelist, short story writer, and essayist (born 1888) Wikipedia
• 1961 Emily Greene Balch, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1867) Wikipedia
• 1998 Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1918) Wikipedia
• 1998 Imi Lichtenfeld, Hungarian-Israeli martial artist, founded Krav Maga (born 1910) Wikipedia
• 2013 James M. Buchanan, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1919) Wikipedia
• 2014 Dale T. Mortensen, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1939) Wikipedia
• 2017 Zygmunt Bauman, Polish sociologist (born 1925) Wikipedia
• 2022 Bob Saget, American comedian, actor, and television host (born 1956) Wikipedia

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day: Adrian of Canterbury Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Blessed Alix Le Clerc Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Berhtwald Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Blessed Giulia della Rena Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Feast of the Black Nazarene (Manila, Philippines) Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Julia Chester Emery (Episcopal Church (USA)) Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: Stephen (old calendar Eastern Orthodox) Wikipedia
• Christian feast day: January 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Wikipedia
• Start of Hōonkō (Nishi Honganji) January 9–16 (Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism) Wikipedia
• Martyrs' Day (Panama) Wikipedia
• Non-Resident Indian Day (India) Wikipedia
• Day of Republika Srpska (Republika Srpska entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, result of 2016 Republika Srpska National Day referendum) (note: not celebrated and disputed in wider Bosnia and Herzegovina, having been declared unconstitutional in 2015) Wikipedia

The events, births, deaths and observances above are from the English Wikipedia article “January 9” and the articles it links to (authors and history), retrieved 2026-10-09 through the Wikimedia “On this day” feed. They are licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0; this selection is shared under the same licence. We picked the 26 events, 22 births and 14 deaths with the widest coverage across Wikipedia's language editions (counted from Wikidata) and sorted them by year; the wording is unchanged apart from removing references to pictures.