# On this day: October 1

October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years), with 91 days left until the end of the year.

## October 1 in one line

Headline entries for October 1, from Wikipedia: in 1949, Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong publicly proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China in Beijing's Tiananmen Square; born 1924: Jimmy Carter, American naval lieutenant, politician, 39th President of the United States, and Nobel Prize laureate (died 2024); died 2025: Jane Goodall, English primatologist (born 1934). In 2026 it is a Thursday, in 2027 a Friday.

## Events on October 1

- 959 Edgar acceded to the English throne upon the death of his brother Eadwig. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar%2C_King_of_England)
- 1386 The Wonderful Parliament met at Westminster Abbey to address King Richard II's need for money, but soon changed focus to the reform of his administration. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonderful_Parliament)
- 1800 With the signing of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso, Spain returned the colonial territory of Louisiana to France in return for territories in the Italian region of Tuscany. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Treaty_of_San_Ildefonso)
- 1832 The first political gathering of colonists in Mexican Texas convened to seek reforms from the Mexican government. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_of_1832)
- 1868 St Pancras railway station in London, now the terminus of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, opened to the public. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station)
- 1890 At the encouragement of preservationist John Muir and writer Robert Underwood Johnson, the U.S. Congress established Yosemite National Park in California. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park)
- 1891 Stanford University, founded by railroad magnate and politician Leland Stanford and his wife Jane in Palo Alto, California, admitted its first students. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University)
- 1906 A deputation of Muslim leaders led by the Aga Khan III met Indian viceroy Lord Minto to secure greater political representation, eventually leading to the founding of the All-India Muslim League. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simla_Deputation)
- 1918 First World War: British and Arab troops captured Damascus from the Ottoman Empire. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Damascus_(1918))
- 1946 Mensa, the largest and oldest high-IQ society in the world, was formed in the United Kingdom. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mensa_International)
- 1949 Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong publicly proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China in Beijing's Tiananmen Square. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China)
- 1964 The Free Speech Movement was launched at the University of California, Berkeley, when a crowd of 3,000 students prevented police from transporting Jack Weinberg away after his arrest. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Speech_Movement)
- 1965 Seven Indonesian National Armed Forces officers, six of them generals, were murdered at dawn by a rebellious force in Jakarta; the Army then blamed the Communist Party, leading to a mass anti-communist purge that killed up to one million people. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366)
- 1975 In boxing, Muhammad Ali defeated Joe Frazier in a match known as the "Thrilla in Manila". [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrilla_in_Manila)
- 1978 Tuvalu adopted its national flag on the day that the country gained its independence. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Tuvalu)
- 1979 Pope John Paul II begins his first pastoral visit to the United States. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II)
- 1989 Civil unions between same-sex couples were legalised in Denmark, the first country to do so. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Denmark)
- 1990 Fifty Rwandan Patriotic Front rebels deserted their Ugandan Army posts and crossed the border from Uganda into Rwanda, marking the start of the Rwandan Civil War. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_Civil_War)
- 1991 Croatian War of Independence: Yugoslav People's Army forces invaded the area surrounding Dubrovnik, Croatia, beginning a seven-month siege of the city. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Dubrovnik)
- 1994 A tribunal was established to consider matters relating to the constitution of Singapore upon referral by the president. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore_Tribunal)
- 1998 Europol, the EU's law enforcement agency, was formed with the ratification of the Europol Convention by all member states. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europol)
- 2003 A levy was imposed on the hiring of foreign domestic helpers in Hong Kong, who numbered in the hundreds of thousands at the time. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_domestic_helpers_in_Hong_Kong)
- 2012 A ferry collision off Lamma Island, Hong Kong, killed 39 people and injured 92 others. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Lamma_Island_ferry_collision)
- 2017 A lone gunman fired more than 1,000 rounds of ammunition from his hotel suite on a crowd attending the Route 91 Harvest music festival on the Las Vegas Strip, resulting in 60 deaths and 867 injuries. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Las_Vegas_shooting)
- 2018 The International Court of Justice ruled that Chile was under no obligation to restore Bolivia's access to the Pacific Ocean, which it had lost in the 19th century. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obligation_to_Negotiate_Access_to_the_Pacific_Ocean)
- 2022 One hundred and thirty-five were killed in a human crush following a football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium in East Java, Indonesia. . [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanjuruhan_Stadium_disaster)

## Born on October 1

- 86 BC Sallust, Roman historian (died 34 BC) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sallust)
- 208 Alexander Severus, Roman emperor (died 235) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severus_Alexander)
- 1207 Henry III of England (died 1272) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England)
- 1541 El Greco, Greek painter, sculptor, and architect of the Spanish Renaissance (died 1614) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Greco)
- 1685 Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1740) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor)
- 1847 Annie Besant, English-Indian activist and author (died 1933) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Besant)
- 1895 Liaquat Ali Khan, Indian-Pakistani lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (died 1951) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan)
- 1903 Vladimir Horowitz, Russian-born American pianist and composer (died 1989) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz)
- 1920 Walter Matthau, American actor (died 2000) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Matthau)
- 1922 Chen-Ning Yang, Chinese-American physicist, academic, and Nobel Prize laureate (died 2025) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning)
- 1924 Jimmy Carter, American naval lieutenant, politician, 39th President of the United States, and Nobel Prize laureate (died 2024) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter)
- 1930 Richard Harris, Irish actor (died 2002) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Harris)
- 1930 Philippe Noiret, French actor (died 2006) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Noiret)
- 1935 Julie Andrews, English actress and singer [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Andrews)
- 1943 Jean-Jacques Annaud, French director, producer, and screenwriter [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Annaud)
- 1945 Ram Nath Kovind, 14th President of India [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind)
- 1947 Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover)
- 1956 Theresa May, English politician, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa_May)
- 1956 Andrus Ansip, Estonian engineer and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Estonia [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrus_Ansip)
- 1965 Mia Mottley, Barbadian prime minister [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mia_Mottley)
- 1966 George Weah, Liberian footballer and politician, 25th President of Liberia [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Weah)
- 1989 Brie Larson, American actress [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brie_Larson)

## Died on October 1

- 959 Eadwig, English king (born 941) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadwig)
- 1404 Pope Boniface IX (born 1356) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IX)
- 1499 Marsilio Ficino, Italian astrologer and philosopher (born 1433) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino)
- 1684 Pierre Corneille, French playwright (born 1606) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Corneille)
- 1901 Abdur Rahman Khan, Afghan emir (born 1844) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan)
- 1959 Enrico De Nicola, Italian journalist, lawyer, politician, and first President of Italy (born 1877) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_De_Nicola)
- 1972 Louis Leakey, Kenyan-English archaeologist and paleontologist (born 1903) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Leakey)
- 1985 E. B. White, American essayist and journalist (born 1899) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._B._White)
- 1992 Petra Kelly, German activist and politician (born 1947) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petra_Kelly)
- 2012 Eric Hobsbawm, Egyptian-English historian and author (born 1917) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm)
- 2013 Tom Clancy, American author (born 1947) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Clancy)
- 2018 Charles Aznavour, French-Armenian singer, composer, writer, filmmaker and public figure (born 1924) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Aznavour)
- 2019 Karel Gott, Czech singer (born 1939) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_Gott)
- 2025 Jane Goodall, English primatologist (born 1934) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodall)

## Holidays and observances

- Armed Forces Day (South Korea) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_Day_(South_Korea))
- Beginning of the United States' Fiscal Year [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal_year)
- Children's Day (El Salvador, Guatemala, Sri Lanka) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children's_Day)
- Christian feast day: Abai (Syriac Orthodox Church) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abai_(martyr))
- Christian feast day: Bavo of Ghent [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavo_of_Ghent)
- Christian feast day: Blessed Edward James [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_James_(martyr))
- Christian feast day: Nicetius (Roman Catholic Church) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicetius)
- Christian feast day: Remigius [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Remigius)
- Christian feast day: Thérèse of Lisieux [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux)
- Christian feast day: Protection/Patronage of the Theotokos (Eastern Catholic Churches) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercession_of_the_Theotokos)
- Christian feast day: October 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_1_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics))
- Day of Prosecutors (Azerbaijan) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Azerbaijan)
- Ground Forces Day (Russia) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Russia)
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Cyprus from United Kingdom in 1960. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(Cyprus))
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Nigeria from United Kingdom in 1960. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(Nigeria))
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Palau from UN trust territory status in 1994. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Palau)
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Tuvalu from United Kingdom in 1978. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Tuvalu)
- International Coffee Day [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Coffee_Day)
- International Day of Older Persons [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Day_of_Older_Persons)
- Lincolnshire Day (United Kingdom) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincolnshire_Day)
- National Day of the People's Republic of China (People's Republic of China) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China)
- Pancasila Sanctity Day (Indonesia) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Indonesia)
- Tampere Day (Finland) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampere_Day)
- Teacher's Day (Uzbekistan) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Uzbekistan)

## Sources

- [Wikipedia — “October 1”](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_1) — events, births, deaths and observances (text under CC BY-SA 4.0) (checked 2026-10-15)
- [Wikipedia — “Selected anniversaries/October 1”](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/October_1) — the anniversaries editors chose for the date and the article each one is about (checked 2026-10-15)
- [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/) — in how many language editions each entry's own article exists, used to fill the lists (CC0) (checked 2026-10-15)
- [vacanza/holidays (open-source holiday rules, MIT licence)](https://github.com/vacanza/holidays) — holiday rules used to build the lists (checked 2026-10-15)

The events, births, deaths and observances above are from the English Wikipedia article [“October 1”](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_1) and the articles it links to ([authors and history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_1?action=history)), retrieved 2026-10-15 through the Wikimedia “On this day” feed. They are licensed under [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this selection is shared under the same licence. Every anniversary that Wikipedia's editors selected for October 1 stays on the list; the remaining places, up to 26 events, 22 births and 14 deaths, go to the entries whose own article — about the event itself, or else the person or thing it is about — appears in the most language editions (counted from Wikidata); an article about a person or thing, which covers far more than one day, counts half. An entry with no article of its own counts, also at half, by the least covered article it links, and one that links only places counts for nothing. The 1949 entry comes first in the one-line summary: a short list, checked by hand, names the event a date is best known for where the order above would put a lesser one first. Each list runs by year, and the wording is unchanged apart from removing references to pictures, audio and video.

## October 1 in the calendar

| Year | Weekday | ISO week | Moon (UTC) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2026 | Thursday | 2026-W40 | 🌖 Waning Gibbous |
| 2027 | Friday | 2027-W39 | 🌒 Waxing Crescent |
| 2028 | Sunday | 2028-W39 | 🌔 Waxing Gibbous |
| 2029 | Monday | 2029-W40 | 🌘 Waning Crescent |
| 2030 | Tuesday | 2030-W40 | 🌒 Waxing Crescent |

Moon phases are for the day in UTC; at the edges of a phase your local date can differ.

## Public holidays on October 1

- [🇨🇳 China](https://whathappen.today/holidays/china/): National Day (2026 and 2027)

[Today's holidays in 28 countries →](https://whathappen.today/holidays/)

## Nearby dates

[← September 30](https://whathappen.today/on-this-day/september-30/) · [October 2 →](https://whathappen.today/on-this-day/october-2/)

[All 366 days](https://whathappen.today/on-this-day/)

Last updated: 15 October 2026

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Web page: https://whathappen.today/on-this-day/october-1/