# On this day: December 1

December 1 is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years), with 30 days left until the end of the year.

## December 1 in one line

Headline entries for December 1, from Wikipedia: in 1959, Twelve countries signed the Antarctic Treaty, the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War, banning military activity in the Antarctic and setting the continent aside as a scientific preserve; born 1949: Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist (died 1993); died 1973: David Ben-Gurion, Israeli politician, 1st Prime Minister of Israel (born 1886). In 2026 it is a Tuesday, in 2027 a Wednesday.

## Events on December 1

- 1800 French Revolutionary Wars: Austrian forces, led by Archduke John of Austria, defeated two divisions of the French First Republic, led by Paul Grenier, at the Battle of Ampfing. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ampfing_(1800))
- 1822 Pedro I was crowned the first emperor of Brazil, seven weeks after his reign began on his 24th birthday. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil)
- 1828 Returning to Buenos Aires with troops who fought in the Cisplatine War, Juan Lavalle deposed provincial governor Manuel Dorrego, reigniting the Argentine Civil Wars. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decembrist_revolution_(Argentina))
- 1878 President Rutherford B. Hayes gets the first telephone installed in the White House. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes)
- 1918 With the signing of the Act of Union, Denmark recognized the Kingdom of Iceland as a fully sovereign state in personal union through a common monarch. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland)
- 1923 The Gleno Dam in the Italian province of Bergamo failed due to poor workmanship, flooding the downstream valley and killing at least 356 people. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleno_Dam)
- 1934 Soviet politician Sergei Kirov was assassinated at the Smolny Institute in Leningrad. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Kirov)
- 1941 The Civil Air Patrol, the civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force, was founded. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol)
- 1941 World War II: Emperor Hirohito of Japan gives his tacit approval to the decision of the imperial council to initiate war against the United States. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirohito)
- 1948 In "one of Australia's most profound mysteries", the body of an unidentified man was found on Somerton beach in Adelaide, a case which remains unsolved. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerton_Man)
- 1953 American men's magazine Playboy was founded in Chicago by Hugh Hefner and his associates. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy)
- 1955 Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a public bus to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama, United States, sparking the Montgomery bus boycott. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks)
- 1958 The musical Flower Drum Song by Rodgers and Hammerstein premiered on Broadway. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_Drum_Song)
- 1959 Twelve countries signed the Antarctic Treaty, the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War, banning military activity in the Antarctic and setting the continent aside as a scientific preserve. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System)
- 1966 The Pit, one of U.S. college basketball's premier arenas, opened on the campus of the University of New Mexico. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pit_(arena))
- 1966 The first Gävle goat, a Swedish Yule goat tradition, was constructed in Gävle and then burned to the ground on New Year's Eve. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A4vle_goat)
- 1971 A period of political and economic reforms in the Socialist Republic of Croatia came to an end as the League of Communists of Yugoslavia decided to purge the state's reformist leadership. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_Spring)
- 1974 Two Boeing 727s, TWA Flight 514 and Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 6231, crashed in the eastern United States in unrelated circumstances, killing 95 people on board both aircraft. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWA_Flight_514)
- 1988 Five armed men hijacked a bus carrying schoolchildren and a teacher in Ordzhonikidze (now Vladikavkaz, Russia), and were later given an Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft and ransom for the release of the hostages. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Ordzhonikidze_bus_hijacking)
- 1989 Cold War: East Germany's parliament abolishes the constitutional provision granting the Communist Party the leading role in the state. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany)
- 1990 Channel Tunnel sections started from the United Kingdom and France meet beneath the seabed. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_Tunnel)
- 1991 A referendum held to ratify the Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine passed with more than 92 percent of the vote. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum)
- 2001 The United Russia political party was founded. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Russia)
- 2009 The Treaty of Lisbon entered into force in the European Union. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon)
- 2019 Vivianne Miedema scored six goals and had four assists for Arsenal W.F.C. in their 11–1 victory over Bristol City W.F.C., which broke the record for the most goals scored in a FA Women's Super League match. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivianne_Miedema)
- 2019 The outbreak of coronavirus infection begins in Wuhan. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan)

## Born on December 1

- 624 Hasan ibn Ali, the second Shia Imam (died 670) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali)
- 1081 Louis VI, French king (died 1137) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France)
- 1083 Anna Komnene, Byzantine medical doctor and scholar (died 1153) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Komnene)
- 1743 Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist and academic (died 1817) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth)
- 1761 Marie Tussaud, French-English sculptor, founded Madame Tussauds Wax Museum (died 1850) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Tussaud)
- 1792 Nikolai Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician and geometer (died 1856) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Lobachevsky)
- 1844 Alexandra of Denmark, Queen Consort of Edward VII of the United Kingdom, Empress Consort of India (died 1925) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark)
- 1886 Zhu De, Chinese general and politician, 1st Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China (died 1976) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhu_De)
- 1896 Georgy Zhukov, Russian general and politician, 2nd Minister of Defence for the Soviet Union (died 1974) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgy_Zhukov)
- 1925 Martin Rodbell, American biochemist and endocrinologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1998) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rodbell)
- 1937 Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, Latvian psychologist and politician, President of Latvia [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga)
- 1940 Richard Pryor, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter (died 2005) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Pryor)
- 1945 Bette Midler, American singer-songwriter, actress and producer [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bette_Midler)
- 1949 Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist (died 1993) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Escobar)
- 1949 Sebastián Piñera, Chilean businessman and politician, 35th President of Chile (died 2024) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era)
- 1958 Javier Aguirre, Mexican footballer and manager [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Aguirre)
- 1964 Salvatore Schillaci, Italian footballer (died 2024) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvatore_Schillaci)
- 1970 Sarah Silverman, American comedian, actress, and singer [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Silverman)
- 1977 Brad Delson, American guitarist and producer [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Delson)
- 1985 Janelle Monáe, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e)
- 1988 Zoë Kravitz, American actress, singer, and model [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Kravitz)
- 1999 Nico Schlotterbeck, German footballer [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico_Schlotterbeck)

## Died on December 1

- 1135 Henry I, king of England (born 1068) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England)
- 1521 Leo X, pope of the Catholic Church (born 1475) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_X)
- 1825 Alexander I, emperor and autocrat of Russia (born 1777) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia)
- 1866 George Everest, Welsh geographer and surveyor (born 1790) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Everest)
- 1934 Sergey Kirov, Russian engineer and politician (born 1886) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Kirov)
- 1947 G. H. Hardy, English mathematician and theorist (born 1877) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._H._Hardy)
- 1947 Aleister Crowley, English magician, poet, and mountaineer (born 1875) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleister_Crowley)
- 1964 J. B. S. Haldane, English-Indian geneticist and biologist (born 1892) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane)
- 1973 David Ben-Gurion, Israeli politician, 1st Prime Minister of Israel (born 1886) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion)
- 1987 James Baldwin, American novelist, poet, and critic (born 1924) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Baldwin)
- 1991 George Stigler, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1911) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Stigler)
- 2006 Claude Jade, French actress (born 1948) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Jade)
- 2011 Christa Wolf, German author and critic (born 1929) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christa_Wolf)
- 2023 Sandra Day O'Connor, first female U.S. Supreme Court Justice (1981–2006) (born 1930) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Day_O'Connor)

## Holidays and observances

- Battle of the Sinop Day (Russia) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_of_Military_Honour)
- Christian feast day: Alexander Briant [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Briant)
- Christian feast day: Ansanus [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansanus)
- Christian feast day: Blessed Bruna Pellesi [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruna_Pellesi)
- Christian feast day: Castritian [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castritian)
- Christian feast day: Charles de Foucauld [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld)
- Christian feast day: Edmund Campion [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Campion)
- Christian feast day: Eligius [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Eligius)
- Christian feast day: Evasius [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evasius)
- Christian feast day: Grwst [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Grwst)
- Christian feast day: Nahum [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahum)
- Christian feast day: Nicholas Ferrar (Episcopal Church) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Ferrar)
- Christian feast day: Ralph Sherwin [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Sherwin_(priest))
- Christian feast day: Ursicinus of Brescia [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursicinus_of_Brescia)
- Christian feast day: December 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics))
- Damrong Rajanubhab Day (Thailand) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Thailand)
- First President Day (Kazakhstan) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_President's_Day_(Kazakhstan))
- Freedom and Democracy Day (Chad) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_and_Democracy_Day)
- Great Union Day, celebrates the union of Transylvania with Romania in 1918 (Romania) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Transylvania_with_Romania)
- Military Abolition Day (Costa Rica) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Force_of_Costa_Rica)
- National Day (Myanmar) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_(Myanmar))
- Republic Day (Central African Republic) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Central_African_Republic)
- Restoration of Independence Day (Portugal) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Portugal)
- Rosa Parks Day (Ohio and Oregon, United States) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks_Day)

## Sources

- [Wikipedia — “December 1”](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1) — events, births, deaths and observances (text under CC BY-SA 4.0) (checked 2026-10-15)
- [Wikipedia — “Selected anniversaries/December 1”](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/December_1) — the anniversaries editors chose for the date and the article each one is about (checked 2026-10-15)
- [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/) — in how many language editions each entry's own article exists, used to fill the lists (CC0) (checked 2026-10-15)
- [vacanza/holidays (open-source holiday rules, MIT licence)](https://github.com/vacanza/holidays) — holiday rules used to build the lists (checked 2026-10-15)

The events, births, deaths and observances above are from the English Wikipedia article [“December 1”](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1) and the articles it links to ([authors and history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1?action=history)), retrieved 2026-10-15 through the Wikimedia “On this day” feed. They are licensed under [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this selection is shared under the same licence. Every anniversary that Wikipedia's editors selected for December 1 stays on the list; the remaining places, up to 26 events, 22 births and 14 deaths, go to the entries whose own article — about the event itself, or else the person or thing it is about — appears in the most language editions (counted from Wikidata); an article about a person or thing, which covers far more than one day, counts half. An entry with no article of its own counts, also at half, by the least covered article it links, and one that links only places counts for nothing. Each list runs by year, and the wording is unchanged apart from removing references to pictures, audio and video.

## December 1 in the calendar

| Year | Weekday | ISO week | Moon (UTC) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2026 | Tuesday | 2026-W49 | 🌗 Last Quarter |
| 2027 | Wednesday | 2027-W48 | 🌒 Waxing Crescent |
| 2028 | Friday | 2028-W48 | 🌔 Waxing Gibbous |
| 2029 | Saturday | 2029-W48 | 🌘 Waning Crescent |
| 2030 | Sunday | 2030-W48 | 🌓 First Quarter |

Moon phases are for the day in UTC; at the edges of a phase your local date can differ.

## Public holidays on December 1

- [🇵🇹 Portugal](https://whathappen.today/holidays/portugal/): Restoration of Independence Day (2026 and 2027)

[Today's holidays in 28 countries →](https://whathappen.today/holidays/)

## Nearby dates

[← November 30](https://whathappen.today/on-this-day/november-30/) · [December 2 →](https://whathappen.today/on-this-day/december-2/)

[All 366 days](https://whathappen.today/on-this-day/)

Last updated: 15 October 2026

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Web page: https://whathappen.today/on-this-day/december-1/